KOFEIN (Coffeinum). 1, 3, 7-Trimetilksantin.

     Synonyms : Caffeine, Guaranin, Theinum.

     Alkaloid contained in the tea leaves (about 2%), coffee seeds (1 - 2%), cola nuts. There is also a synthetic way.

     White silky needle crystals or a white crystalline powder bitter taste, and odourless. Slowly soluble in water (1:60), easily in hot (1:2), it is difficult to dissolve in alcohol (1:50). Solutions are neutral reaction; When sterile + 100 C for 30 min.

     By building and pharmacological properties of caffeine close to teobrominu (see) and teofillinu (see); All three belong to the group alkaloid metilksantinov.

     Of these alkaloids bringing the strongest influence on the central nervous system has caffeine. Less action has Theophylline, a lower-Theobromine; Theophylline stronger stimulates heart and Diurez, lower operating Theobromine, then caffeine. In response to these differences in power of caffeine is used primarily as a central nervous system stimulant, and Theophylline and Theobromine, a cardiovascular funds.

     Physiological characteristics of caffeine on the central nervous system were studied I. P. Pavlovym and his team, showed that caffeine increases and regulate processes in the crust of legal brain; In accordance with the relevant doses, it enhances the positive conditional reflexes and increases motor activity. Enabling effect leads to an increase mental and physical performance, reduce fatigue and sleepiness. Large doses, however, may cause nerve cells. Effects of caffeine (and other psychoactive funds) to a large extent depends on the type of higher nervous activity; Caffeine dosing must therefore take into account the particularities individualnyh nervous activity. Caffeine relaxed sleeping pills and drugs, reflecting increases spinal cord excitability, and initiate breathing sosudodvigatelny points. Cardiac function under the influence of caffeine increased, reducing attacks have become more intense and frequent. In kollaptoidnyh state of shock and blood pressure under the influence of caffeine increases, the normal blood pressure has not been as simultaneously with the initiation sosudodvigatelnogo centre and the heart by caffeine increases skeletal muscle blood vessels and other areas of the body (vascular brain, heart, kidneys ), but abdominal vessels (except kidney) suzhivayutsya. Diurez under the influence of caffeine increased slightly, primarily due to decreases reabsorption in the renal reabsorption of electrolytes.

     Caffeine reduces aggregation of platelets.

     Under the influence of caffeine is stimulating secretion of stomach.

     Current figures, the mechanism of action of caffeine significant role played by his depressant effect on the enzyme fosfodiesterazu that leads to the accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenozinmonofosfata. Cycles AMF as mediatornoe substance (secondary mediator), in which the physiological effects of various nutrients drugs. Under the impact of increasing cycling AMF glikogenoliza encouragement of metabolic processes in different organs and tissues, including muscle and the central nervous system. I believe that the caffeine stimulation of gastric secretions also linked to the increase of cyclic AMF in the mucous lining of stomach (see also Theophylline, Tsimetidin).

     In anxyolitics catalytic mechanism of caffeine important role played by his ability to communicate with specific (<purinovymi> or adenozinovymi) receptors in the brain, for which the endogenous ligand is purinovy nukleozid - adenosine. Structural similarities and caffeine molecule adenosine support this. Since adenosine as a factor, reduces legal processes in the brain, replacing its caffeine leads to the catalytic effect. With long-term use caffeine may education adenozinovyh new brain cell receptors and the effect of caffeine slowly declining. However, the sudden cessation of caffeine adenosine receptors are becoming available, which could lead to increased braking events fatigue, sleepiness, depression, etc.

     Applied caffeine (and kofein- sodium benzoate) in infectious and other diseases involving the oppression of central nervous system and cardiovascular system in drug poisoning and other poisons, oppressive central nervous system, vascular spasm in the brain (with migraines, etc.) to improve mental and physical fitness to reduce itching. Caffeine also applied to minor children.

     Assign inside caffeine (regardless of meal times), often in combination with analgetikami (see pills <<Askofen>> <<Novomigrofen>> <<Kofitsil>> <<Piramein>> <<Pirkofen>> << Tsitramon>>). Dose and duration of caffeine should be individualized. The average dose of caffeine for adults 0.05-0.1 g per reception 2 to 3 times a day.

     Children over 2 years appoint 0.03 - 0,075 grams to receive, depending on age (up to 2 years is not nominated).

     Higher doses for adults inside : single 0.3 g daily 1 year

     Caffeine, like other central nervous system stimulant, is not suitable for high anxiety, insomnia, hypertension and arteriosclerosis expressed in organic Cardiovascular diseases in old age, if glaucoma.

     Product : powder.

     Storage : List B. The well ukuporennoy packaging.

     Pills <<Kofetamin>> (Tabulettae <<Coffetaminum>>). Pills (coated white), caffeine containing 0.1 g of ergotamine tartrate and 0,001 g (1 mg).

     Applied with migraines (vazoparaliticheskaya form), hypertension, as well as a means downward pressure in the vascular, traumatic, infectious defeat CNS.

     The effect is linked to sosudosuzhivayuschim of ergotamine (see), and under the influence of caffeine improve function of the brain.

     Assign inside of 1 - 2 pills to a reception during the attack headache 2 times a day and then on the one pill 2 - 3 times a day for several days (up to 1 month).

     A similar product produced abroad under the title : <<Cofergot>> <<Ergofein>> <<Ergoffin>>.

     Product : in glass tubes for 10 tablets.

     Storage : List B. In the dark spot.

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