GISTAMIN (Histaminum). 4 - (2-Aminoetil) - imidazol, or b-imidazolil- ethylamine.

     Histamine is a nutrient compounds, formed in the body when gistidina decarboxylation of amino acids.

     Histamine is one of the endogenous factors (mediators) involved in the regulation of the body's vital functions, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of illnesses.

     Under normal circumstances, histamine in the body is mainly related, down state. In various pathological processes (anaphylactic shock, burns, Britain, hay fever, urticaria and other allergic diseases), and when the body of certain chemicals increased the amount of histamine. "Vysvoboditelyami (liberatorami") is d-histamine tubokurarin, morphine, iodized Radiocontrast drugs, high compounds (poliglyukin, etc.) and other medicines.

     Free histamine has a high : it is smooth muscle spasm (including muscle bronchi), the expansion of capillaries and decrease AD; Stagnation of blood in the capillaries and an increase in permeability of the wall is swelling surrounding tissues and blood flow. In connection with the laser excitation brain matter out adrenaline glands, suzhivayutsya arterioly and increased heart reduction. Histamine is increasing secretions of digestive juice.

     Some of histamine contained in the central nervous system, where it is believed that he played a role neyromediatora (or neyromodulyatora). It is possible that some sedative effect lipofilnyh histamine antagonist (penetrating through the blood-brain barrier protivogistaminnyh drugs, such dimedrol) due to their blocking power to the central gistaminovye receptors.

     In the body there are specific receptors, which histamine is the natural ligand. Currently, there are three sub gistaminovyh receptors (N) : H-1, H-2 and H-3 receptor.

     Initiation peripheral N-receptors by reducing bronchial spastic, bowel muscles and other phenomena.

     The most typical for bringing H-2 receptors is increased secretions gastric glands. They are also involved in regulation of smooth muscle tone uterus, bowel, vascular. Together with N-1 receptors H-2 receptors play a role in the development of allergic and immune reactions.

     H-2 receptors are involved in the mediation proceedings in the central nervous system. In recent times have attached great importance to stimulation Nz- receptors in the central mechanism of histamine.

     As histamine drug is of limited use.

     For medical use of the drug is produced by bacterial fission gistidina or synthetic means.

     Available as dihydrochloride (Histamini dihydrochloridum). The white crystalline powder. Gigroskopichen. The easily soluble in water, it is difficult to alcohol; PH aqueous 4 0 5 0.

     Synonyms : E ramin, rgamine E, N istalgin e istamyl N, N istapon, Imadyl, Imido, Istal, Re remin etc.

     Enjoy histamine sometimes polyarthritis, muscle and joint pains : intradermal a histamine dihydrochloride (0,1 - 0,5 ml 1% solution), prolonged preparations containing histamine and histamine electrophoresis is a strong hyperemia and reduce pain; When the pain associated with defeat nerves; when radiculitis, pleksitah etc. drug impose intracutaneously (0.2 - 0.3 ml of 0.1% solution).

     In allergic diseases, migraine, bronchial asthma, urticaria sometimes be treated small, increasing doses of histamine. It is expected that the organism that is resistant to histamine and this reduced predisposition to allergic reactions (use as a means desensibiliziruyuschego with allergic diseases is also containing histamine drug gistaglobulin (see).) .

     Started with intradermal a very small doses of histamine (0.1 ml concentration of 1 10 ', which sealed the contents, that is 0,1% solution, to throw out a number of isotonic sodium chloride solution), then gradually increase the dose.

     Histamine is also for the pharmaceutical and diagnostics feohromotsitomy feohromoblastomy; A combination of samples from tropafenom (see).

     Because of the incentive effects on gastric secretion of histamine sometimes it is used for the diagnosis of gastric function. In doing so, great care must be respected because of the possible side effects (anti-hypertensive effect, bronhiolospazm etc.). Currently, for this purpose using other drugs (pentagastrin, betazol etc.).

     In overdose and increased sensitivity to histamine can develop collapse and shock.

     When administered histamine difficult absorbed and has no effect.

     Histamine widely enjoyed pharmacists and Physiologists for pilot studies.

     Forms of histamine dihydrochloride : powder; 0.1% solution in ampoules and 1 ml (N Solutio istamini dihydrochloridi 0.1% pro injectionibus) in a package of 10 vials.

     Storage : List B. In the dark spot.

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