FENOBARBITAL (Phenobaritalum). 5-Etil-5- fenilbarbiturovaya acid.

     Synonyms: Lyuminal, Adonal, Aephenal, Barbenyl, Barbinal, Barbiphen, Dormiral, Epanal, Episedal, Fenemal, Fenobarbital, Gardenal, Hypnotal, Lepinal, Luminal, Mephabarbital, Neurobarb, Nirvonal, Omnibarb, Phenobarbitone, Sedonal, Sevenal, Somonal, and Zadonal etc.

     The white crystalline powder slabogorkogo taste, odourless. Very little soluble in cold water, it is difficult to boiling (1:40), easily soluble in alcohol and alkaline solutions.

     Phenobarbital is usually seen as a means widespread. Indeed, he has expressed widespread operation and is used in disorders of sleep. However, the most important is how the drug protivoepilepticheskoe funds.

     In low doses of Phenobarbital is calming effect and in combination with other drugs (spazmolitiki, sosudorasschiryayuschie funds) is used in neuro disorder.

     In connection with protivosudorozhnym of Phenobarbital designate also chorea, spasticheskih paralysis, different muscles reaction.

     When you receive inside Phenobarbital completely, but relatively slowly absorbed. Peak concentrations in the blood through a 1 - 2 h after administration. About 50% associated plasma protein. The product is evenly distributed around organs and tissues; Lower concentrations are found in the tissues of his brain. Period polususchestvovaniya blood plasma in adults is 2 to 4 days (up to 7 days of birth). Provided through the body slowly, which creates prerequisites for cumulation. Product mikrosomalnymi liver enzymes. An inactive metabolite (4-oksifenobarbital) allocated in the form glyukuronida kidneys, and about 25% - unchanged to.

     How widespread means Phenobarbital designate an adult dose of 0.1 - 0.2 g per reception usually 1 / 2 to 1 hour before sleep. The duration of pain is 6 to 8 h. Children, depending on age designate of the city of 0,005 to 0,0075

     Phenobarbital calming effect similar to any other barbiturates. Unwanted properties phenobarbital is that if it is applied may occur expressed posledeystvie: general oppression continued confusion, movement, ataxia, etc.

     As soothing and prescribed Phenobarbital funds designated in dose-0,01-0,03 0.05 g 2 - 3 times a day. Usually applied in conjunction with spazmoliticheskimi, sosudorasshiryayuschimi and other means (see pill "Andipal, Bellataminal, Teofedrin" etc.). It is part of the preparations Corvalol and valokordin.

     Prolonged use feno6 arbitala and products containing it as a psychological and sedatives should be avoided in connection with the possibility of cumulation and habit.

     Recently, a number of finished dosage forms containing Phenobarbital (pill "Piraminal, Diafein, Lyupaverin, Teodinal, Mikroyod with phenobarbital and others), deleted from the range of medicines.

     For epilepsy patients Phenobarbital was first applied in 1912 and is still considered one of the most effective means protivoepilepticheskih. His widely applied in toniko- klonicheskih Generalized seizures (grand mal), and focal attacks in adults and children.

     Adults, he was appointed, starting with doses 0.05 g 2 times a day and gradually increasing the dose until not stop seizures, but not more than 0.6 grams per day. Children drug designate smaller doses according to age (not exceeding time and higher doses). Treatment for a long time. Stop receiving phenobarbital in epilepsy must gradually, as the sudden removal of the drug can cause the development upset and even epileptic status.

     To treat epilepsy Phenobarbital often appointed in combination with other drugs. Usually they are picked individually depending on the form and for epilepsy and overall patient. There are, however, willing to combination therapies (glyuferal, paglyuferal, fali- lepsin etc.).

     Patriotic psychiatrist M. Y. Sereysky ekstemparalnuyu proposed combination (Sereyskogo mixture), which is still used for the treatment of epilepsy patients.

     Rp: Phenobarbitali 0.05 (0,07-0,1-0,15)

     Bromisovali 0.2 (0.3)

     Coffeini natrio-benzoatis 0,015 (0.02)

     Papaverini hydrochl of ridi 0,03 (0,04)

     Calcii gluconatis 0.5 (1, 0)

     F. M. pulv.

     D. t. d. N. 24

     S. At one powder 2 - 3 times a day (The first figure is a dose appointed with a light during illness, the figures in brackets paper-dose appointed in more severe cases.)

     Higher doses for adults inside: single 0.2 g; Daily 0.5 d.

     One of the properties of phenobarbital is its ability to cause "induction" and increase the activity of enzymes monooksigenaznoy liver enzyme system that should be taken into account while its application to other drugs, which may with weakened (see Benzonal). With the same features phenobarbital is its ability to reduce giperbilirubinemiyu that underlies its use for the treatment and prevention of haemolytic disease of newborns.

     When treating phenobarbital, especially with a long reception of possible side effects, not only because of oppression TSNS, but also reduce AD, allergic reactions (skin rashes, etc.), changes in the formula for blood.

     The product contraindications with heavy losses liver and kidney violating their duties with alcoholism, drug addiction, male. It should not be appointed in the first three months of pregnancy (to avoid actions teratogenicity). It should also be borne in mind that nursing mothers admission phenobarbital it in considerable quantities found in milk.

     The simultaneous use of phenobarbital with other sedativno existing drugs leads to increased sedativno- hypnotic effect and oppression can be inhaled.

     Method of issuance: powder; Pills to 0,005 g for children and 0.05 and 0.1 g for adults.

     Storage: List B.

     Pills "Glyuferal (Tabulettae" Gluferalum ") containing phenobarbital 0,025 g, 0.07 g bromizovala, kofeinbenzoata 0,005 grams of sodium, calcium gluconate 0.2 was white pills. In a similar action, and with a mixture Sereyskogo, but do not papaverina. Used mostly with epilepsy more toniko- klonicheskimi illness; In combination with trimetinom can appoint to the small forms of epilepsy.

     Assign inside after the meal, adults from 2 to 4 tablets at a reception. The maximum daily dose of 10 tablets. Children, depending on age appointed from 1 / 2 to 1 pill for admission; The maximum daily dose for children up to 10 years - 5 tablets.

     If necessary, use in conjunction with other drugs protivoepilepticheskimi.

     Form release: 100 tablets in banks orange glass.

     Storage: List B. In a dry, sheltered from the world scene.

     Pills "Paglyuferal" -1, 2, 3 (Tabulettae "Pagluferalum" -1, 2, 3) and contain the phenobarbital 0,025; 0.035 or 0.05 grams; Bromizovala 0.1; 0.1 or 0.15 g; kofein- benzoata sodium 0.0075; 0.0075 or 0.01 grams; the calcium gluconate to 0.25 g and papaverina hydrochloride 0,015; 0,015 or 0.02 d.

     Used as a mixture of pills and Sereyskogo "Glyuferal, for the treatment of epilepsy. Different ratios of ingredients in different versions of the pill "Paglyuferal" provides an opportunity to individually select doses.

     Form release: 40 tablets in banks orange glass.

     Storage: List B. In a dry, sheltered from the world scene.

     Under the title <> (Fali- lepsin Falilepcin) abroad (Germany) issued protivoepileptichesky product, a salt phenobarbital and psevdonorefedrina. Inclusion in the molecule psevdonorefedrina providing modest stimulus to the central (see Ephedrine), slightly reduces the negative effects (drowsiness, violation of efficiency) phenobarbital.

     Assign with epilepsy inside (adults and children over 12 years of age) from 0.05 g (50 mg) a day, gradually increasing the dose to 0.3 - 0.45 g / day (3 admission).

     Form release: 0.1 grams of pills in a package of 100 pieces.

     Storage: List B. In sheltered from the world scene.

     Barbeksaklon (Barbexaclone) *.

     Synonyms: Maliazin, Maliasin, Phenomitur.

     Is the combination of phenobarbital and benzedreksa (tsiklogeksilnogo zfedrina analogue).

     Implemented as protivosudorozhnogo funds. Similar to action with fali- lepsinom. Benzedreks reduces deprimiruyuschee impact on TSNS.

Materials allowed to copy only with the active hyperlink to the handbook of medicines